Articles
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Enzymes are substances in the body that regulate chemical reactions important for basic life functions. Enzyme supplements are taken to support a body process that needs additional support. Enzymes that may be used in pets include digestive enzymes (e.g., lipase, amylase, and protease), bromelain, papain, and cellulase.
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Eosinophilic granuloma complex is a term used to describe three forms of skin lesions in cats: eosinophilic plaque, eosinophilic granuloma, and indolent ulcers. The lesions most commonly occur on the lip, but can also develop in the mouth or on other areas of the body.
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Feline eosinophilic keratitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the cornea that results in the surface of the eye appearing pink, white, or chalky. It is caused by an accumulation of inflammatory cells called eosinophils. The clinical signs, appearance, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition are explained in this handout.
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Ephedra is a supplement and stimulant derived from the Ephedra sinica or Ephedra equisetina plant. In Traditional Chinese Medicine it is called ma huang, and is used to treat asthma or other lung problems. Ephedra is banned as a dietary supplement in the United States and Canada due to its widespread abuse, but it is still used by herbalists.
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Ephedrine (brand names: Akovaz®, Corphedra®) is a medication used off-label to treat low blood pressure due to shock or anesthesia. It has also been used to treat certain types of urinary incontinence. Ephedrine is most commonly given by injection (and rarely by mouth).
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Epileptic seizures in pets are a diagnosis of exclusion and may be found in any dog but there may be some breed predispositions that are more common. The cause is often unknown. A variety of medications are available to help control the seizure activity if an underlying cause is not found.
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Epinastine ophthalmic is an antihistamine eye medication used off label (extra label) to treat itchiness associated with eye allergies in all species of pets. It comes in a liquid drop format to be instilled directly to the eye (topically).
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Epineprhine (Epiclor) is an injectable drug used most often in emergency situations for animals (e.g., anaphylaxis, cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR]). It may also be added to local anesthesia drugs because it causes the veins to constrict, thus delaying the body's absorption of the drugs and prolonging the duration of the local anesthetic.
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Epinephrine is a drug used most often in emergency situations for animals (e.g., anaphylaxis, cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR]). Automatic injection devices for epinephrine (EpiPen, EpiPen Jr) are used off-label in pets to treat anaphylactic (allergic) reactions that occur away from the veterinary hospital.
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Epistaxis means simply bleeding from the nose. The term can therefore cover anything from a tiny trickle down one nostril to a heavy gushing from both nostrils. Blood that appears at the nostril can originate from anywhere in the upper or lower respiratory tract including the sinuses or other closely related structures of the head.